Accumulation of heavy metals in soil and uptake by plant. Phytoremediation is the natural ability of certain plants to bioaccumulate, degrade, or render harmless contaminants in soils, water, or air. Use of plants for the removal of toxic metals from. The plant samples were washed in deionized water dried 24 hrs at 80c immediately to stabilize the tissue. The present study is an attempt to test the potential of the native species to remove heavy metals from the soil. Phytoremediation of metal pb, ni, zn, cd and cr contaminated soils using canna indica. Heavy metals are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities, atomic weights. Accepted 19 december, 2008 the current remediation technique of heavy metal from contaminated soilwater are expensive, time. Several methods already used to clean up the environment from these kinds of contaminants, but most of them are costly and difficult to get optimum results. Wilson mw, edyvean rg 1995 biosorption for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters. Heavy metals are removed from soil by moving up into plant roots, stems, and leaves. Plant sampling and analysis twelve plant species were collected in the surrounding area of hame kasi mine hamadan, iran from january to june, 2007. The heavy metals selected for the study was lead, nickel, zinc, cadmium and chromium, the metal uptake was estimated in root, stem and leaves for every 20 days for a total period of 60 days. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot degrade, and.
The presence of any metal may vary from site to site, depending upon the source of individual pollutant. Recent advances towards improved phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution heavy metal pollution represents a global challenge to both public health and environmental sustainability. Gajendra rathod 1, sukumar taria1, deepak pawar 2, mahesh mahajan 2, rakesh kumar prajapat 2 1 ph. Phytoremediation of heavy metal toxicity and role of soil in. Dec 24, 2007 heavy metals that have been identified in the polluted environment include as, cu, cd, pb, cr, ni, hg and zn. Heavy metal biomonitoring and phytoremediation potentialities. Heavy metals in soil and application of new plant materials in the process of phytoremediation ljiljana m babincev faculty of technical sciences, university of prishtina, kneza milosa 7, kosovska mitrovica, kosovo. Therefore, remediation of heavy metals contaminated soil could be the only effective option to reduce the negative effects on ecosystem health. Phytoremediation of efficiency of metal by ficus microcarpa was evaluated through a real scale experiment. Dec 29, 2011 as willow has some specific characteristics like high transport capacity of heavy metals from root to shoot,huge amount of biomass production, can use also for production of bio energy in the biomass energy power plant. The industry of mining and processing metals is a major source of farmland heavy metal contamination 26. Chemical speciation and phytotoxicity of heavy metals in. Free web app to quickly and easily combine multiple files into one pdf online.
The removed heavy metal can be recycled from the contaminated plant biomass 28. Heavy metals in the soil from anthropogenic sources tend to be more mobile, hence bioavailable than pedogenic, or lithogenic ones 19 24 25. D scholar, division of plant physiology, iari, new delhi110012 2 ph. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. Advantages and disadvantages of phytoremediation 1. Goedaeuksae 1, a hybrid, perennial, bioenergy crop developed in south korea. As a plant based technology the success of phytoremediation is inherently dependent upon proper plant selection. The hybrid grass effectively absorbed all the metals from contaminated soil. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from soils springerlink. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot degrade, andtherefore effective cleanup requires their immobilization to reduce or remove toxicity.
Phytoremediation of metal contaminated mining sites. We would like to remind the reader that studies on heavy metal pollution are focused on as, cd, cr, hg and pb as they are toxic, nonessential heavy metals, and on cu, ni and zn which, although. Phytoremediation is the use of green plants and their associated microorganisms to stabilize or reduce contamination in soils. Combine different pdf documents or other files types like images and merge them into one pdf. The current remediation technique of heavy metal from contaminated soilwater are expensive, time consuming and environmentally destructive. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated soils. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Phytoremediation of heavy metalsconcepts and applications. Phytoremediation for heavy metal environmental issues. All heavy metals at high concentrations have strong toxic. Currently, phytoremediation is an effective and affordable technological solution used to extract or remove inactive metals and metal pollutants from.
Use of phytoremediation and biochar to remediate heavy metal. Remediation of hm in contaminated soil is done by physical and chemical processes which are costly, timeconsuming, and. Cadmium and zinc, using alpine pennycress, a hyperaccumulator of these metals at levels that would be toxic to many plants. Phytoremediation of heavy metal toxicity and role of soil. As willow has some specific characteristics like high transport capacity of heavy metals from root to shoot,huge amount of biomass production, can use also for production of bio energy in the biomass energy power plant. Phytoremediation of heavy metals by helianthus annuus in. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. Highlights heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem. Mercury has the ability to combine with other elements and form. Unlike organic contaminants, metals cannot be degraded.
For heavy metal phytoremediation and phytoextraction in pa rticular, bioavailability of metals in contaminated soils, is a crucial factor regulating heavy metal uptake by plant roots 5052. Arsenic can combine with other elements to form inorganic and organic. Watson environmental, agricultural and analytical chemistry section, chemistry department, university of glasgow, glasgow g12 8qq, uk. Commercial phenoxyacetic herbicides control heavy metal uptake. Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals ncbi. The sources of various heavy metals are listed in table table1. The native flora displayed its ability to withstand high concentrations of heavy metals metalloids in the soil. In recent years, scientists and engineers have started to generate cost effective technologies that include use.
Heavy metal remediation with ficus microcarpa field scale experiment. The root biomass production of the species varied significantly from 3. D scholar, nrcpb, iari, new delhi110012 phytoremediation. When ingested, they combine with the bodys biomolecules, like proteins and enzymes to form stable biotoxic.
Challenges and opportunities in the phytoremediation of heavy. However, metal phytoavailability is a complex phenomenon that is dependent on a cascade of related factors 53. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by psoralea. They are elements, and short of an alchemical transformation you have to physically remove them, cover them up, or apply phosphate so that plants dont take them up as readily.
The heavy metals cadmium, lead and mercury are common air pollutants, be ing emitted. The native flora displayed its ability to withstand high concentrations of heavy metalsmetalloids in the soil. Toxicity of heavy metals and its management through phytoremediation oct. This sensor, operated by an immobilized enzyme, is an example for socalled biosensors, which synergistically combine the scientific fields of. Frontiers alleviation of heavy metal stress in plants. Zn cu pb cd which reflects the biomonitoring potentialities of the investigated plant species. The plant used in the phytoremediation technique must have a considerable capacity of metal absorption, its accumulation and strength to. Th e region around veles is one of the typical examples of soil pollution and other environmental media by toxic metals, such as.
This paper aims to compile some information about heavy metals of arsenic, lead, and. Phytoremediation for heavy metal removal plants, so called hyperaccumulators are usually used, they take up 100 times the concentration of metals over other plants. Index termschromium, iron, phytoextraction, psoralea pinnata. Jan 28, 2003 wilson mw, edyvean rg 1995 biosorption for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters. Water samples contaminated with heavy metals zn, cu and pb were subjected to phytoremediation method using water hyacinth e. Typha is often found close to water, in lakes, lagoons and riverine areas of numerous regions of the world, in america, europe and asia esteves et al. Phytoextraction involves the removal of heavy metals by the roots of the plants with subsequent transport to aerial plant organs while phytostabilization focuses on establishing a vegetative cap that does not shoot. Heavy metals phytoremediation by aquatic plants hyrocotyle. Table 1 and 2 show the mechanical composition and chemical properties of the soil. Kaewtubtim et alheavy metal phytoremediation potential of plant species in a mangrove ecosystem 368 applied ecology and environmental research 141. The phytoremediation of metals from contaminated soi1 was reintroduced and developed by chaney 7 and the first field trial of phytoextraction was.
The aim of this study is to characterize the heavy metal phytoremediation potential of miscanthus sp. This method is to increases mobility of metals in soil by application of chelating agents or surfactants, such as citric acid, edta, cdta, dtpa, egta, eddha, and nta, so that the metals can be taken up more easily by. Phytoremediation of barium, copper, zinc and arsenic contaminated soils by sunflower and alfalfa jamil zargan, massood fakharyfar biology group, faculty of basic science, imam hossein comprehensive university, tehran, iran article published on june 24, 2016 key words. Phytoremediation of heavy metals in contaminated water and. Phytoremediation is a green technology with good public perception. Research is in progress to screen plants for hyperaccumulation of heavy metals. Six different metals as, cu, pb, ni, cd, and zn were used for the study. Phytoremediation of barium, copper, zinc and arsenic. Gyeongsang national university environmental engineering laboratory le ngoc thuan. Khara 1 department of marine biology, graduate school of marine science and technology, science and research branch, islamic azad university, tehran, iran.
Advancement in molecular studies will improve efficiency of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation of toxic heavy metals could be carried out by. Phytoremediation of soil toxic metals could be recognized as unique low cost treatment in compare with traditional. Heavy metal phytotoxicity metals are natural components in soil. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals in. Phytoremediation, heavy metals, contaminated soil, sunflower, alfalfa. Heavy metals phytoremediation by aquatic plants hyrocotyle ranocloides, ceratophyllum demersum of anzali lagoon 1l.
Heavy metal toxicity has proven to be a major threat and there are several. Soils contamination by heavy metals and metalloids has become a serious environmental issue today. Generally, the variation of heavy element concentrations in water and sediments in relation to site and season, as assessed by twoway repeated measured. Survival of plants becomes tough and its overall health under hm stress is impaired. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluent. The concentrations of heavy metals in water, sediments, and plants possess the same trend. Recent advances towards improved phytoremediation of heavy. Hyper accumulator plant species accumulate harmful metals above certain concentrations in their shoot, leaf and fruits 6. In the present study, an attempt to have a comparative assessment of the efficiency of aquatic weeds like typha latifolia, eichhornia crassipes, salvinia molesta and pistia stratiotes to treat the effluents under laboratory conditions. Any means to reduce heavy metal pollution in the environment is of considerable economic significance. The plant is then harvested and disposed of and the site replanted until heavy metals in the.
The study involved the preparation of the heavy metals solutions in different concentrations their ph values supplemented into eight 40l plastic. Heavy metals that have been identified in the polluted environment include as, cu, cd, pb, cr, ni, hg and zn. Jun 29, 2015 phytoremediation 4 phytoremediation consists of mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water, or air, with plants able to contain, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents,explosives, crude oil and its derivatives, and various other contaminants from the media that contain them. Remediation of heavy metal polluted soils is one of the significant topics in environmental restoration. Frontiers alleviation of heavy metal stress in plants and. Typha is a highly floodtolerant species with the capacity for. Phytoremediation 4 phytoremediation consists of mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water, or air, with plants able to contain, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents,explosives, crude oil and its derivatives, and various other contaminants from the media that contain them. A number of metals including chromium, iron, arsenic, zinc, cadmium, mercury and copper are known to significantly compromise. Phytoremediation is a better option for cleanup of metalcontaminated sites.
Phytoremediation is based upon several processes such as phytodegradation, phytovolatilization, phytoaccumulation and phytoextraction. Fulekar environmental biotechnology laboratory, department of life sciences, university of mumbai, santacruz e, mumbai 400 098, india. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by. Bousher a, chandra m eds biodeterioration and biodegradation 9, proceedings of the 9th international biodeterioration and biodegradation symposium, leeds, uk, sept. Heavy metals are among the most important sorts of contaminant in the environment. This study is related to a research project that aims to identify potential plants in tropical country such as malaysia which can uptake heavy metal contaminants from petrochemical wastewater. Heavy metals in soil and application of new plant materials. Heavy metal content of herbal health supplement products in dubai. Obiora2 department of soil science, university of nigeria, nsukka, nigeria. Use of phytoremediation and biochar to remediate heavy. Excessive application of sewage sludge has led to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil surface and can result in phytotoxicity in. Toxicity and phytoremediation techniques habib gemechu edao department of chemistry, faculty of natural and computational science, bule hora university, bule hora, ethiopia, phone no.
Environmental contamination can also occur through metal corrosion, atmospheric deposition, soil erosion of metal ions and leaching of heavy metals, sediment re. Phytoremediation of heavy metals at mining sites mainly includes the two technologies, phytoextraction and phyostabilisation. Plants are very much affected by hm pollution particularly in contaminated soils. During the 1990s, in all of europe, there was a significant decrease in the level of heavy metals. Increasing concentration of heavy metals hm due to various anthropogenic activities is a serious problem. The accumulation of heavy metals in plants is related to the elements and the chemical status of the heavy metals. Significant accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids in both soils and native wild flora suggests that metal contamination is a matter of great concern in the studied mining areas.
Recently, phytoextraction, the use of plants to extract toxic metals from contaminated soils, has emerged as a costeffective, environmentfriendly cleanup alternative. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated. These methods are efficient, ecofriendly and economic. May 12, 2011 the concentrations of heavy metals in water, sediments, and plants possess the same trend. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals and. Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects academic journals. Few heavy metals are toxic and lethal in trace concentrations and can be teratogenic, mutagenic, endocrine disruptors while others can cause behavioral and neurological disorders among infants and children. Review article phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated.